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Useful Cyprus Information Cyprus Government Websites Currency Converter Cyprus Property News Limassol Marina CyprusNewsReport.comCyprus Life - The Mystique Of Cyprus
The Cyprus mystique is as much a product of its legendary beauty as it is of millennia of competing empires, all unable to resist the island’s strategic allure.
Nestled into the eastern Mediterranean Sea and a veritable crossroads of three continents, Cyprus is the third largest island in the Mediterranean and an ideal starting point for the discovery of other exotic locales such as the Greek Islands, Egypt and the Middle East - in fact, mini-cruises set off for these places from Cyprus almost every day. But close as Cyprus may be to the world's center stage, it is a distinctive place that can feel blissfully apart from it all. Many international cruise ships utilise Cyprus as a major port of call on their international European and Mediterranean itineraries. Every year more than 30 of the finest international cruise ships make more than 80 calls at the ports of Limassol and Larnaca carrying in excess of 100,000 passengers to visit the major attractions of Cyprus.
SPRING ON THE ISLAND OF APHRODITE.
The long history of Cyprus, dating back to 5800 BC, has left many classical ruins which are well worth a visit, not only for their historical value, but also for the rich botanical interest that they provide. Wild Cyclamen grows in ancient rock walls during a spring climate offering sunny days with temperatures in the 70's and 80's fahrenheit, often with a cooling sea breeze - indeed Cyprus can boast an average of 340 sunny days each year.
Much of the coastline is rugged, while the interior is dominated by the Troodos Mountain Range with its highest peak, Mount Olympus, rising to a height of almost 6,500 feet. High in the Troodos Mountains the clear cool air is filled with the fragrances of pines and herbs, while at lower altitudes orchards of citrus fruit trees, olive groves and well established grape vines dominate much of the landscape, while meadows full of Crown Daisies, Poppies and Gladiolus provide a carpet of spectacular colour. As well as these stunning meadows, early spring sees large strands of Golden Wreath (Acacia cyanophylla) in full bloom, their bright yellow flowers complimented by the deep blue sky. Over 1800 plant species occur in Cyprus, with 125 of them being endemic. Tall, willowy stems of Asphodel display their delicate flowers throughout most of the island. Orchids, many of which are very rare, flourish in the near perfect spring climate. Forty-five orchid species and subspecies have been recorded so far including Yellow Bee Orchid, Brown Bee Orchid, Naked Man Orchid, Early Spider Orchid, Anatolian Orchid and Ploughshare Orchid, as well as the rare Ophrys otschi.
With its approximately 1.800 species and subspecies of flowering plants, Cyprus, is an extremely interesting place for nature lovers and has all the attributes which make it a Botanist's paradise. Being an island, it is sufficiently isolated to allow the evolution of a strong endemic flowering element. At the same time being surrounded by big continents, it incorporates botanological elements of the neighbouring land masses. About 8% of the indigenous plants of the island, 125 different species and subspecies, are endemic. The island's great variety of habitats, attributed to a varied microclimate and geology, is the main reason which contributed to this high number of endemics.
The arrival of animals in Cyprus has been a subject of interest to Zoologists, since it has always been an island. According to existing evidence, the first arrivals were hippopotami and elephants, both excellent swimmers. They arrived 1,5 mil. years ago and apart from some shrews and mice, were the only land mammals roaming the island prior to Man's arrival 9.000 years ago. The present-day fauna of Cyprus includes some 7 species of land mammals, 26 species of amphibians and reptiles, 357 species of birds, a great variety of insects and mites, while the coastal waters of the island give shelter to 197 fish species and various species of crabs, sponges and echinodermata. The largest wild animal that still lives on the island is the Cyprus moufflon (Ovis orientalis ophion), a rare type of wild sheep that can only be found in Cyprus. Cyprus is used by millions of birds as a stepping-stone during their migration from Europe to Africa and back, something that has been observed since Homeric times. The main reason for that is the occurrence on the island of two wetlands, with unique and international importance, namely Larnaca and Akrotiri salt lakes.
From the numerous wild birds of Cyprus, birds of prey are the most fascinating and amongst them the Eleonora's falcon (Falco eleonorae) and the imperial eagle (Aquila heliaca) are the jewels on the crown. Our sea creatures include seals and turtles, though unfortunately the Monk seal no longer breeds in the coastal sea caves of the island. On the other hand two marine turtles, the Green turtle (Chelona mydas) and the Loggerhead turtle (Caretta caretta) have been found to breed regularly on the island's sandy beaches and are strictly protected. The birds of Cyprus outnumber 350 species, about 200 of which are passage migrants. Some 46 residents and 27 migratory species breed regularly on the island while the endemic species (unique to Cyprus) are around 10. By word of mouth a wealth of folk tales have been preserved to our days in which imaginary adventures of birds or people teach a lesson in morality and prudence or impart simple instructions for a wise conduct of life.
NATURE TRAILS.
There are approximately 200 kilometres of well-marked hiking trails in Cyprus. The Lemesos District boasts five distinctive sign-posted nature trails in Troodos area. The circular, seven-kilometre long Artemis Trail is at the 1850-metre level and encompasses endemic flora such as Cyprus crocus and orchids under the black pines, as well as rich avian life that includes blue rock thrush and imperial eagles. The Atalanti Trail, named after a forest nymph, is nine kilometres long. At four kilometres, the Kalidonia Trail (also known as the Trail of Nightingales) crisscrosses the Kryo Potamo stream as it flows from the Troodos to Platres. The final portion of the trail begins under a wooden archway and leads to the Caledonean Falls. The three-kilometer Persephone Trail affords up-close looks at beautiful lichens and ferns.
RELIGIONS OF CYPRUS.
In 45 A.D. Paul the Apostle, travelling with St. Barnabas to Cyprus, succeeded in converting the Roman proconsul in Pafos to the Christian faith - making Cyprus the first country ever to be governed by a Christian leader. Later, according to the biblical account, St. Lazarus was resurrected from the dead by Christ and sailed from Bethany to Cyprus where he lived for another 30 years. His sarcophagus is in the crypt of St. Lazarus Church in Larnaca.
The geographical location of Cyprus made it a haven for Christians fleeing persecution as well as art treasures fleeing the Iconoclasts. Many Christians, some of them later canonised, fled to the island when the Holy Land was seized by the Saracens and are buried here. This is why Cyprus was sometimes called the "island of saints", and tales of miraculous events and visions of angels still abound on the island.
According to the legend when St Helena, the mother of Constantine the Great, came to the island, Cyprus was in the thirty-sixth year of a period of drought and famine which miraculously ceased when she arrived. St Helena brought a relic of the Cross upon which Jesus was crucified and founded a monastery on the top of a hill to enshrine it. This became known as Stavrovouni (the hill of the cross) and lies halfway between the capital, Nicosia, and the coastal town of Larnaca. Cyprus' proximity to the Holy Land led to the island being among the earliest places to be converted to Christianity.
It was one of St Paul's initial ports of call in 45AD on his mission to convert the world. St Paul, together with St Barnabas, the twelfth Apostle who replaced Iscariot and himself a Jew of Cypriot origin, travelled across Cyprus and built the island's first church which he named after St Heracleidios, who guided the apostles through the Troodos Mountains, and whom, they appointed Bishop of Cyprus.
St Hera Cleidios' Monastery is situated near the village of Politiko about 14 miles from Nicosia, near the site of the ancient city of Tamassos. The special significance of Cyprus as an early Christian centre reflected its independence from the Byzantine Church. This privilege was granted following recognition of the Cyprus Church's claim to having been founded by the Apostle St Barnabas, whose remains were discovered still holding a copy of St Matthew's Gospel. To this day, the Cyprus Church jealously guards its independence and remains autonomous within the Orthodox Church. Thus the Archbishop of Cyprus retains special privileges conferred upon him by the Emperor Zeno, including the right to wear a purple cloak, to carry a sceptre instead of a pastoral staff and to sign his name in red ink.
To find out more about the history of Christianity in Cyprus, consider the following itinerary:
DAY 1.
Begin your visit of Cyprus's religious treasures in Larnaka with a visit to St. Lazarus Church, which dates from 900 A.D., in the morning. In the afternoon take a short drive 11 kilometres west to the village of Kiti to see the church of Angeloktisti ("built by the angels"). This is an unusual 11th-century Byzantine church that was built over the ruins of an early Christian basilica, of which the original apse survives. What truly merits extra special mention, however, is an extremely rare 6th-century mosaic of the Virgin Mary and Child between the two archangels Gabriel and Michael. It is a jewel of the Byzantine period which rivals the Ravenna Mosaics.
DAY 2.
The next day journey to Lefkosia (Nicosia), the capital, for a visit to the Byzantine Museum. Its collection of icons and murals spans Byzantine art in Cyprus from the 8th to 18th centuries. Icons are the painted devotional images of the Orthodox Church which reflected the Byzantine Christian soul for a millennium. Orthodox believers see in them the earthly representation of the saints. Next to the Byzantine Museum is the Cathedral of Agios Ioannis (St. John), built in 1662. Its beautiful interior frescoes date from the mid-18th century. From there it's a short walk to Chrysaliniotissa Church, the oldest Byzantine church in the city (built in 1450 when Cyprus was under Lusignan rule). Some of the icons inside date from the 14th century.
DAY 3.
Whether you stay overnight in Lefkosia or Larnaca, set out on your third day for the Troodos Mountains, a rugged region home to numerous Byzantine monasteries and churches. Make your headquarters in the resort villages of Platres or Pedoulas for one or two nights. From here, set out for Kykko Monastery, the richest and best-known monastery in Cyprus. It was founded in 1100 during the rule of the Byzantine emperor Alexios Comnenos. While all the monasteries in Cyprus have collections of painted icons, those in Kykko's collection are particularly rare and valuable.
Ten painted Byzantine churches, all in the Troodos Mountains, are on UNESCO's World Heritage List. The churches include Asinou (south of Nikitari village, it's among the most beautiful), Panagia tou Moutoulla, Panagia tou Araka (Lagoudera), Agios Ioannis Lampadistis (Kalopanagiotis), Stavros tou Agiasmati (near Platanistassa village), Panagia Podythou (Evrychou), Archangel Michael (in Pedoulas), Timiou Stavrou (in Pelendri) and Agios Nicolaos tis Stegis (5km from Kakopetria). Many churches with treasures of Byzantine art, such as Ayios Ioannis Lampadistis in the Marathasa Valley, are connected to monasteries.
DAY 4.
After your mountain journey, retrace the footsteps of St. Paul in Pafos. Of course you'll want to examine the beautiful Roman mosaics of the Houses of Aion, Dionysos and Theseus. On the grounds near Khrysopolitissa Church, slightly away from the harbor, is St. Paul's Pillar, where according to tradition Saint Paul was flogged by Romans with a 39-tailed whip for preaching Christianity. The white marble pillar is under a tree at the west gateway.
DAY 5.
On your next day in Paphos pay a visit to Agios Neophytos monastery, on Melissovouno (Honey Mountain) on the outskirts of town. The learned hermit Neophytos burrowed two caves in the mountainside above the present-day monastery and lived in them beginning in 1159. In one of the caves there is a chapel with beautiful frescoes painted in rich shades of blue, red and gold. Agios Neophytos also has a small museum and a gift store where you can buy a variety of homemade honey.
DAY 6.
If you set out early enough the next morning before a final overnight in Larnaca, you will have time to visit another monastery, Stavrovouni, situated at the top of a rocky 600-metre peak west of Larnaka and visible for miles around. Inside Stavrovouni's 18-century church is hung a fragment of the cross, left by Saint Helena in 327 A.D. a decade after her son, Emperor Constantine, officially recognized Christianity (No women are allowed to visit Stavrovouni Monastery).
THE VINES OF CYPRUS.
Writers, priests, explorers, soldiers and rulers delighted in the Cyprus “sweeties”. The cultivation of vines for dessert and wine is relatively recent, the grape first having been cultivated in the Black Sea area around 8,000 years ago.
From there it spread slowly south-eastwards to Mespotamia, Syria and Egypt, from where it travelled across the Mediterranean to Greece, on to Italy, continuing its development around the world and its waters to today’s highly acclaimed production of a universally social beverage.
The problems encountered with sealing vessels to protect wine from oxidisation from the air in the earlier days of production, resulted in most wines being sweet and the tradition of the Cypriot wine being of a sweet taste was founded on this premise, hence the term “sweeties”. Sweet wines not only oxidise more slowly, but they travel better than dry varieties. The two main grape growing regions in Cyprus, are on the southern slopes of the Troodos in the Lemesos district and the south-western, in the Pafos region.
The visitor may make enchanting tours ranging from half a day to a week, or even longer. There are many wineries open to the general public, where wine can be sampled and purchased. If you have visited vineyards in other countries, even the largest in Cyprus will seem relatively small, which adds to their charm and character. In some places, donkeys and oxen can still be seen ploughing the vineyards. Where possible, vineyards are being enlarged, especially by the big producers and mechanical methods of cultivation and harvesting introduced. As the demand for higher quality wines increases, so the degree of care and attention the wines and grapes receive grows too. Many old vines are now being removed and the vineyards replanted by advanced methods of growth and quality appreciation.
The most significant fact about today’s Cyprus wines is that they are unique; firstly Cyprus has never been subjected to the predations of the Phylloxera beetle, as has every other wine-growing country in Europe. Secondly, the vast majority of wine-grapes grown on the Island are indigenous varieties, whose origins are, literally lost in the midst of time. Indeed, several of these have only been re-discovered in recent years, nurtured and replanted. Most white wine is a 100% varietal of the Xynisteri grape, which makes a fresh wine that is best drunk young. Of the red grapes varieties, unique to Cyprus is the Mavro, a low-acid variety that unusually also serves as a table grape.
The Cyprus wine industry is built not only just on wine but on ancillary products which ranges from grape juice and concentrated grape exported in large quantities. Through every type of wine to liqueurs and distillates of all kinds, the export of these products includes the famous “Zivania”. The history of wine production in Cyprus reveals an interesting route. 4,000 years ago settlers from the mainland coast to the east came to Cyprus and, although there is no firm evidence to prove it, it is virtually certain they would have brought their wine-producing vines with them. When the Greeks settled in Cyprus around 1200 BC., it is likely they would have found wine already here, but of a very different style to the wines they were accustomed to. Thus, it is likely that there has been a wine industry in Cyprus continuously longer than anywhere else in the world. Facts are supported by legend and ancient history. The Song of Solomon praises Cyprus wines. In 800 B.C., Hesiodos described the making of Cyprus wines, the Greek poet Euripides writes of vast pilgrimages to Cyprus to taste the wine, or as it was then known “Cyprus Nama”. Legend has it that the first mortal to be taught to make wine was Ikarios, whose teacher was Dioonysos, the God of Wine himself. Minimal historical evidence exists to describe wines of Cyprus between the Greco-Roman periods and the Middle ages, when the Island endured drought, pestilence and regular wars, invasions and incursions. In the 11th century, when the Crusades commenced, from the sojourns of Richard the Lion Heart and those of various Orders of Knights, came the generic description of the “sweet wines of Cyprus: Commandaria”. In 1363 no less than five Kings met with the Mayor of London, in the building that today houses the Vintners’ Society, to talk of various matters, such as Crusades and wine. The wines served were in fact highly praised from Cyprus.
For Cyprus, invasion followed invasion and 300 years of Lusignan rule, ending in 1489, followed by the Venetians (1489-1571), then the Ottomans invading in 1571, occupying until 1878, when they ceded the Island to Britain, little was done to help the vine-growers, especially under the Turks, who extracted iniquitous triple taxes from them and wine-makers. Sadly, the Cyprus wines had waned and lost their fame.
Then in the 19th century, 1844, the birth of the modern wine industry, saw the foundation of the House of Haggipavlu. The company exported wine in barrels all over the eastern Mediterranean. In 1893, Haggipavlu, by then making spirits as well as wines, built the first modern winery in Zanatzia in the Lemesos district. With presses and fermentation tanks of stone, the Cyprus wine industry was set to flourish. ETKO, which is part of the Haggipavlu group of companies is now a public company and around the same time, an English family, the Chaplins, built a large wine-making plant at Pera Pedi, just below Platres and started making wine in fairly large quantities. In 1927, KEO LTD was formed and bought the Pera Pedi winery from the Chaplins.
The third of the ‘Big Four’, LOEL formed in 1943, is a public company which was to develop and expand it business relations in the Eastern Bloc. The fourth company, SODAP is also a co-operative, founded in 1947 by the vine-growers themselves. These ‘Big Four’ Cypriot companies met the needs of the world with a mission theme - “fortified wines for Northern Europe“, supplying from the 1940’s onwards, bulk table wines for the partygoers of the 1960’s and all kinds of grape products for markets all over the world. In the early 1980’s the Cyprus Government encouraged small enterprises to establish and operate wineries of 50,000 to 300,000 bottles a year capacity from the hill villages of the grape growing regions alone, the first of these was at Chrysorrogiatissa Monastery in the Paphos District.
Today, there are more than 20 registered regional wines and their contribution to the diversification of style and development of new wines has been immense. Each year brings advances in quality and the introduction of exciting new wines using local as well as famous International varieties of grapes. During this celebrated time, the Big Four have also been very active, they have developed new vineyards of their own and through purchase, they have planted hundreds of thousands of new vines of well known varieties and re-discovered old Cyprus types.
They have built new and restored old wineries in the hills and enhanced their plants in Lemesos. Their laboratories have researched new production techniques and their Oenologists have introduced new styles and brands. The combined talents of the large companies and the smaller regional wineries are giving the Cyprus wine industry a bright and prosperous future, especially now since EU accession, May 2004.
THE SALT LAKES OF CYPRUS.
Once a valuable source of salt, today a refuge for birds and plants representing a treasure trove for nature lovers.Flocks of pink Flamingoes take respite on the lakes during March and November.
On the south shores of Cyprus, two areas of salt lakes can be discovered – Akrotiri, some 14km west of Limassol and proposed for inclusion in the list of ‘Wetlands of International Importance’, as it represents the largest aquatic system in Cyprus.
The second forms a group of salt lakes to the south of Larnaca, relatively close to the International Airport. Clustered on either side of the coast road serving the airport, this single large lake and three smaller interconnecting lakes are surrounded by natural countryside, stretches of woodland scrub and cultivated fields.
These two salt lake regions, found not far from the coast, are actually below sea level. The seawater naturally permeates the bedrock, collects in the lower basins on the coastal plain and during the hotter season, the water that has formed a lake throughout the winter evaporates at a faster rate than the permeation of the seawater, leaving the area dry with a thick layer of salt on the bed of the lakes.
From Medieval times the salt from the Larnaca lakes was harvested. In the Venetian era, the lake covered some 20km, Cyprus was then a major producer and exporter. Fulfilling local needs, there was still surplus salt to fill 70 ships.
During the 16th century there was a healthy trade between the Island and Venice. Ships bringing imported goods were then loaded with the precious cargo for the return voyage. Salt is a major community worldwide, not only for flavouring dishes, but for preserving methods too.
Until the end of the 20th century, it was possible to see the salt being collected in huge piles passed through wire mesh filters and then loaded into baskets born by donkeys. A relatively new addition to the area is the Larnaca Sewage Works which is proving to be a focal attraction to different types of gulls and waterfowl. The location and climate of Cyprus together with the two wetlands make the Island very popular with migratory birds.
Lying at the eastern end of the Mediterranean, Cyprus reaches a crossroads for migration as birds move between Africa, the Middle East, Europe and Russia. The Island hosts more than 350 species of birds, 50 of which are permanent residents and 32 of which are protected under the European Birds Directive.
Particularly during the seasons of spring and autumn, the Island is visited by great waves of bird life. Some stay only long enough to rest and then continue their journey on, others come to take advantage of the mild winters and stay for longer periods. Flocks of beautiful feathered pink Flamingos are a common sight on the lakes of Larnaca and Akrotiri between the months of November and March, perching on one-leg and feeding on the shrimp found in the salt lakes.
It has been reported that in some years more than 10,000 Flamingos came to reside temporarily. Amongst the bird population, the salt lakes are also popular breeding grounds for some 27 migratory species, such as the Black Winged Stilt, the Calandra Lark, the Cyprus Pied Wheatgear and the Cyprus Warbler, to name but a few. Numerous varieties of duck, together with geese, swans, cranes and herons, are frequent visitors to the wetlands. The high volume and diversity of flocks passing through is impressive by any standards.
In addition there is always the chance of discovering a rare visitor. Conclusively, geographical location of the Island together with the variation in climate, the Akrotiri and Larnaca lakes are a delight to Ornithologists. The habitat of the salt lakes boasts a diversity of flora too; the plant life has a distinctively eastern flavour. Many varieties of the western Mediterranean, Europe and Africa, plus a very strong endemic flowering element can be found. Approximately 1,800 species and sub-species of flowering plants, of which 136 are endemic. Cyprus is of great interest botanically, the Akrotiri site alone supports a significant number of rare plant species 13 of which are endemic.
The orchid flora of Cyprus is equally rich and diversified with 50 species flowering nearly all year round. Orchids grow everywhere on the Island, within the habitats of the Larnaca and Akrotiri salt lakes there are magnificent colonies of orchids growing together in numbers, including the orchis italica, orchis collina, orphys funereal and ophrys kotschyi. The orphrys kotschyi is endemic to Cyprus and flowers from February to April. By the end of April the grass dries and the land becomes desiccated and this is when the orchid palustris, reddish violet in colour, and orchis fragrans come into bloom between April and early June. The latter variety, as its name suggests, has a pleasant vanilla fragrance and can bear anything up to 100 pale pink flowers. The Akrotiri salt lake is of historical interest, nearby is the site of Ayios Nicolaos to Gaton, St Nicholas of the cats. St. Helena was the mother of the first Byzantine emperor, Constantine. Legend has it that she came to Cyprus landing on the Akrotiri Peninsular and found the Island swarming with snakes. She then arranged for cats to be transported from Constantinople to get rid of the snakes. To this day the promontory is called ‘Cape Gata’, or ‘Cape of the Cats’. St.Helena also gave orders for the construction of a Monastery in 325AD to mark the spot of her landing. At a later date, this Monastery was dedicated to St. Nicholas, who broke his journey to Myra here.
For centuries, on St. Nicholas’ day 6th December, fishermen would donate their daily catch to the Monastery. The Monastery continued to exist until 1570, when during the Ottoman rule all the monks were slaughtered. In 1983, after renovations, it became a convent of St George Alamanos situated on the other side of Limassol. A visit to either of the salt lakes at Larnaca or Akrotiri is an excellent opportunity to view the magnificent variety of birds and the unusual species of plants and flowers. These wetlands are two of the most major lakes in the Eastern Mediterranean which are still in a semi-natural condition. The ecological value of the wetlands and the need for conservation is a focal point for
Cyprus, indeed there are plans to underfoot for a nature reserve on the Akrotiri peninsular – after-all this is part of a natural heritage to be passed on to future generations.
PAPHOS.
Paphos, a small charming harbor town, on the west of the island, which has been, during certain times in antiquity, the capital of Cyprus, has a history which goes back literally thousands of years, and has always attracted visitors from the rest of the island and abroad. Paphos consists of two areas: the coastal resort area (Kato Paphos) and the town itself (Pano Paphos) which is slightly inland.
Paphos is very popular with tourists, and especially with English, German and Scandinavian tourists. Among its attractions are its ancient mosaic floors, its beautiful old harbour, its modern hotels and restaurants, situated along the seaside promenade.
Other sights include an archaeological museum, the Byzantine castle of Paphos, the Tombs of the Kings, St. Paul’s Pillar and the Temple of Aphrodite (the goddess of love and beauty). The climate of Cyprus makes the summer months a popular time for tourism in Paphos, when temperatures reach easily into the mid 30 degrees Celsius every day. However the cooler winter months make walking and cycling ideal activities, especially further away in the mountains. The main shopping lane, which runs parallel to the beach promenade, is the ideal tourists' marketplace.
Paphos is one of the main tourist spots in Cyprus. The sun shines all day long in the radiant town. There are many hotels both big and small for tourists to stay in, with kindly staff who will be happy to help you with your every need.
Paphos is believed to be the birth place of Aphrodite, the Greek goddess of love and is a popular resort destination ideal for families Located in Paphos is the gorgeous Coral Bay, a beauteous beach with soft sand and deep blue water, a perfect place for water sports. Paphos is situated on the southwest of the island. Paphos offers a variety of holiday accommodation ranging from modern luxurious hotels to hotel apartments, tourist villages and many holiday villas.
There are a number of municipal beaches along the Paphos shoreline, but Coral Bay Beach, 7 miles north, is considered the most attractive, being sandy and having shallow waters. Sun-beds and umbrellas are available for rent at the Coral Bay beach. Coral Bay area has many tavernas and restaurants; Apart from the local tavernas serving traditional dishes and meze, international restaurants offer plenty of choices from Italian, Indian, Chinese, Thai and other ethnic cuisine. There is a frequent bus service along the coast road to Coral Bay, operating from early morning till early evening during main season and taxis are also available.
Coral Bay itself is a 600m crescent of soft white sand, book-ended by a pair of headlands. It is home to a handful of top-notch hotels and the neighbouring marina looks set for completion in the near future. However, it's the glassy waters offshore that everyone comes for. Coral Bay beach is perfect for swimming and water sports where you'll find every conceivable activity from banana boat rides to jet skis for hire. Cultural types may find themselves twiddling their thumbs as there is little of historic interest in the resort. However, 'foodies' will find an excellent selection of bars, restaurants and tavernas and the popular village of
Peyia is just 5 minutes drive away where you will find excellent local tavernas. Coral Bay is a very family-friendly place and anyone wanting a big night out would do better to head for nearby Paphos and get a return taxi in the small hours. Coral Bay is also a great base for exploring the pristine coastline to the north, where a jigsaw of coves and inlets hide some of the best (and most isolated) beaches on the island. Don't expect to find much in the way of refreshments and pack a well-stocked picnic hamper and plenty of sun cream. Peyia.
This charming village clings to the rugged hills that act a backdrop to Cyprus ' most photogenic stretch of coastline. Below glitter the crystal waters of the Mediterranean, while to the north the silhouetted peak of Ayios Yeoyios marks the beginning of the untouched Akamas Peninsula. However, it's the village's proximity to the resort of Coral Bay (just five km south west) that first put Peyia on the developer's map. Walking along the pine-scented streets it's easy to come to the conclusion that Peyia is still sleeping off all the hard work of the recent construction boom. While locals like to claim that 'in Peyia nothing happens in a hurry', the truth is that nothing much happens at all. However, it's this soporific quality that imbues Peyia with most of its charm.
Peyia proves a welcome antidote to the bustle of nearby Paphos and is a great place to while away a relaxing lunchtime with a plateful of meze and a cold bottle of Keo beer. If you prefer your afternoons to be a little more active you'll find a number of local companies offering every white-knuckled pursuit from go-karting to paragliding, otherwise it's a short hop to the beach. Cultural cravings should be satisfied by the two ruined Christian basilicas found on the outskirts of the village (watch where you put your feet as the 'best bit' is the mosaic covering the floor), while Further evidence of Peyia's historic importance comes in the shape of Roman tombs carved into the cliffs above the sea. Having slumbered through the day Peyia wakes up at night. Taverna tables groaning under the weight of fresh fish fill the central square, the evening air cools and the village comes alive with the sounds of animated conversation. Then, all of a sudden, it's very easy to see why Peyia has become one of the most coveted places on the island to own a holiday home.
Situated on the rugged Akamas peninsula, the sleepy town of Polis is perfect for those looking for a little rest and relaxation. Legend has it that the goddess Aphrodite emerged from the sea, just as Cyprus did itself. Don't miss Aphrodite's Bath, a picturesque rock pool and waterfall where the goddess is believed to have bathed, which oozes with magic and mystery. Polis was founded in the 7th century BC and means (Polis Chrysochhou) city of the golden land. The surrounding land is fertile and is a largely untouched by tourist development which adds to its charm, and it still retains its own distinctive character. The town is cradled by rugged mountains and surrounded by a patchwork of citrus groves and vineyards. The town's whitewashed sugar cube houses, plump Orthodox Church domes and shady courtyards are a reminder of a Cyprus that's fast disappearing and much of Polis' charm lies in watching local life tick slowly by.
Polis first made it into the guidebooks in the 1980s as a backpacker haunt and today it's one of the few places that still cater for independent travellers. The town huddles round a central pedestrianised plaza that hosts a colourful daily market showcasing the best local produce.
At sunset the market stalls are replaced with restaurant tables piled high with platefuls of meze and fresh local fish. Once you've visited the archaeological museum and had a look at the medieval frescoes daubed on the walls of St Andronikos Church then it's time to explore some of Cyprus ' least spoiled countryside.
The nearby Akamas Peninsular is an untouched wilderness laced with hiking trails and secluded coves bitten from the pink rock. Offshore, the waters are a glassy mosaic of greens and blues that promise some of the best snorkeling and diving on the island.
Fans of fresh seafood should make for the picturesque fishing village of Latchi, which has some of the best fish restaurants situated along the pretty harbour. Latchi has plenty to appeal to the tourist. Water sports such as parasailing are available here. The beaches on the north are closest but they are largely shingle but are immaculately clean and have been awarded the EU blue flag for cleanliness. If it's larger sandy beaches and sunsets that you are after, it's not much further to the west coast. Boats can be hired from Latchi harbour from where you can take your boat to the Blue Lagoon and swim in the emerald green sea.
NEO CHORIO.
Neo Chorio Village is nestled amongst the hills of the Akamas Peninsula. It is a small traditional village with a maze of winding streets, stone cottages, a couple of excellent tavernas and wonderful views to Latchi and the Akamas.The beaches of Latchi and the facilities of Polis town are only minutes away.
AYIA MARINA & ARGAKA.
These two rural villages, mainly agricultural, are approximately 5 minutes apart on the way to Pomos Point. Each with a population of 1,000 or so, they have coffee shops and a couple of tavernas serving locally produced food. Along the coast road, a few minutes drive away; there are more establishments' catering for the hungry visitor and local alike.
Argaka has two churches, Ayia Varvara being the oldest, whilst Ayia Marina has three, including a very old Byzantine church in the forest about 1 mile away. This part of the island is very fertile and has an abundance of fruit trees including figs, grapes, prickly pears, apples, oranges and lemons. Being rural, early morning walks are particularly enjoyable. There are some extensive good beaches in the area. Both villages have groceries/mini-markets and a small Co-op store.
POMOS.
With Paphos being just 40 minutes away and Polis a short 25-minute drive, Pomos is situated along the west Coast of Cyprus. A picturesque location, with a spectacular coastline of blue waters and rock pools, this quaint village is great for exploring and fishing. Close to Restaurants, Supermarkets and the serene fishing harbour, this quaint village will truly leave you breathless.
PYRGOS.
Located well off the usual tourist circuit, a sleepy uncommercialised fishing village and an ideal base from which to explore lovely unspoiled countryside, to visit Cedar Valley and (if you are lucky) glimpse of rare species of wild flowers.
There are a couple of tavernas and coffee shops, banks, a post office and market. The village claims to boast the best climate in Cyprus and the sunsets here are dramatically spectacular. Very much an ethnic area with no bars or souvenir shops.
DROUSHIA.
Situated high on a hilltop with magnificent views to Polis and the sea. Village life goes on unchanged, with donkeys and dark-eyed oxen much in evidence. This is a peaceful and lovely haven, all the better for some very good tavernas. You can drive to Latchi with its excellent fresh fish restaurants and souvenir shops in about fifteen minutes, southwards through the vineyards to Peyia in twenty-five and about the same to Paphos on the old Polis road.
AKOURDALIA.
Is a traditional village in the hills not far from Droushia, where village life carries on as it always has, unchanged for centuries. LAONA REGION. Discover villages, sites and traditional food in Laona. Visit the beautiful countryside and unspoiled villages of the Laona region, close to Paphos and Polis, yet miles from the tourist crush.
KATHIKAS.
''Gateway'' to the Akamas. The Visitor Centre (open daily 11.00 - 16.00) will help you plan your trip to the region and introduce you to the area's natural and cultural points of interest. Maps and brochures available; local handicrafts and produce for sale. Stop at the attractive Araouzos taverna for authentic Cypriot food in a traditional setting; or at the Farm Yard Taverna.
PANO AKOURDALIA.
Walk through this attractive village to the Herb Garden to see a wide variety of Cypriot aromatic herbs. The garden is always open and you can see the drying process on Tuesday and Thursday (10.00 - 12.00).
KATO AKOURDALIA.
Visit the tiny chapel of Ayia Paraskevi, and the Millers House, set beside an imposing gorge, about a 30 mins walk form the village (or a rough ride); Also visit the local community's Rural Life Museum, (Key available from the village headman); and Mrs Parthena, basket maker and traditional weaver. For good traditional meals drop in at Amarakos Inn.
MILIOU. The ''green'' village, set amid citrus orchards. Visit Anthoulla, who weaves on a traditional loom and the former monastery of Ayii Anargyri (now a small hotel), with its healing sulphur spring. Buy your honey from Mr Dinos.
KRITOU TERRA.
Stroll through the streets of this ancient village, stopping at the unique Washing Holes (Plystario) used by womenfolk in the past. Then drop in to village restaurant for light refreshment and food, including vegetarian, in the delightful setting of the old water springs.
PISSOURI.
The Greek Village of Pissouri is one of the most attractive and friendly villages in south-west Cyprus. It is situated in the principal vine growing area with sultana grapes covering the surrounding countryside.
This south-facing village, set high up on the hillside about 1,000ft above the sea, commands the most magnificent view of some 20 miles of Mediterranean coastline. To the south and east there are panoramic views of the coast, across vineyards, olive and carob trees and to the north one can see the majestic Troodos Mountains.
Pissouri is situated just off the main Paphos to Limassol road. Pissouri Village has a lovely flower-filled central square for pedestrians only. There is a Greek Orthodox Church, a good bakery, postal agency, banks and small supermarkets. Several family-run tavernas and restaurants serve excellent fresh food at competitive prices. In the summer months the village holds a Cyprus Night in the square every Wednesday evening with traditional food and Cypriot dancing. In Pissouri village, where almost everyone speaks English, one can enjoy the friendly atmosphere and savour the relaxed and stress-free life of the village. About a five-minute drive from Pissouri Village is one of the most famous monuments in Cyprus.
Aphrodite's Rock (or Petra Tou Romiou) is said to be the spot where the Goddess Aphrodite was born from the foam (where there's always a welcome ice cream van!), the Rock is the further of the two, jutting out into the sea. It is lovely to swim there, though it can sometimes be a bit rough. Close to Aphrodite's Rock is Secret Valley Golf Course.
Pissouri Beach has a beautiful unspoilt bay, about 3km from the motorway (turn off at Pissouri Bay) and about 3km from Pissouri Village, down the vineyard beach lane. There is safe swimming and the beach has the EU blue flag for cleanliness. There is sand to the left of the beach and a mixture of sand and pebbles to the right. There are water sports available (water-ski, banana boat, paragliding, sailing, snorkeling, wind surfing and Jet Ski).
For a fantastic view of Pissouri Bay, or to explore the coastline, pedalo and Laser dingies can be hired. For a small fee one can hire sun loungers and umbrellas on the beach. The beach also has its own lifeguard. There are several tavernas on the fringe of the beach, offering good food and refreshing drinks. Small shops sell fresh milk, bread, fruit, wine and other provisions. There is an excellent hotel where non-residents can use the restaurant and for a small cover charge also swim in the hotel pool. There are two banks along the beach area.
PERISTERONA.
Peristerona is a beautiful quiet village, which is approximately 10 minutes drive to Polis town, and 50 minutes drive to Paphos town centre.
TROODOS.
The Troodos Mountains offer welcome respite to anyone suffering from an overdose of Mediterranean beach life. Travelling inland; Cyprus' palette changes from the thirsty ochres of the costal strip to a lush green mosaic that cloaks the mountains.
The Troodos Mountains form the country's backbone, stretching across Western Cyprus and rising to a height of nearly 2000m. Driving up the helter-skelter of hairpins and switchbacks of the Troodos Mountains takes you back in time to an older and wiser Cyprus; a world away from the bustle of the coast. Hiking trails weave through the forests to half-forgotten villages, glorious Byzantine churches and remote monasteries. Pine-resin scents the crisp mountain air and it's easy to believe that little has changed since the first visionaries and churchmen chose Troodos as their pious retreat. The Troodos Mountains are littered with Orthodox churches, ten of which are now protected with UNESCO World Heritage status. The churches of Asinou, Panayia Tou Araka and the Archangel Michael are notable highlights and well-worth a visit. A glimpse of monastic life can be had at the celebrated monasteries of Kykko (20km west of Pedhoulas) and the spectacular Ayios Ioannis Lamndhistis (near the village of Kalopanayiotis).
Local monks are happy to welcome visitors and pilgrims alike. If you're on the island between New Year and the end of March it's possible to go skiing in the Troodos Mountains. Mount Olympus has seven runs, so there's something to suit all abilities, and you can always head down to the coast for some lively après-ski.
Driving in the Troodos mountains has been elevated to something of an art form; however, if you take things slowly you shouldn't have any problems. Back on the coast the mountains might seem a distant memory, but their physical presence ensures that at least one corner of Cyprus will avoid the headlong rush into the modern age.
Also in the Troodos mountains lies Kykkos Monastery, the largest and wealthiest monastery on the island. It too possesses an icon supposed to have been painted by St Luke. When the Iconoclastic wars broke out this icon was, according to legend, saved by a monk who threw it into the sea from where it drifted to Cyprus. Here another monk, Ignatius, found it after a vision had informed him of its whereabouts and built a shrine to honour it.
Nine Byzantine churches in the Troodos Mountains, are included in the official UNESCO list of cultural treasures of the World's heritage: Stavros tou Ayiasmati, Panayia too Araka, Timiou Stavrou at Pelendri, Ayios Nikolaos tis Stegis, Panayia Podithon, Assinou, Ayios loannis Lampadistis, Panayia tou Moutoula, and Archangel Michael at Pedhoulas.
The impressive Troodos mountain range stretches across most of the western side of Cyprus, offering cool sanctuary and idyllic hours spent in long walks in its scented pine forests in summer and winter sports and skiing in winter. Here are the many famous mountain resorts, Byzantine monasteries and churches on mountain peaks, and nestling in its valleys and picturesque mountain villages clinging to terraced hill slopes. The area has been known since ancient times for its mines, and in the Byzantine period it became a great centre of Byzantine art, as churches and monasteries were built in the mountains, away from threatened coastline.
The Cyprus Tourism Organisation has a leaflet for the unique Nature Walks, which have been created by the Forestry Department in co-operation with the Cyprus Tourism Organisation at Troodos itself, with full details of the rich profusion of flora and fauna found on these very attractive walks, which attract many visitors every year. In the Troodos mountain range, besides Machairas to the east, and the actual Troodos district around Mount Olympus (height 1951 metres), there are four other districts, each of which has its own character and separate charm. These districts are Pitsillia to the east of Mount Olympus, the Solea Valley and the Marathassa Valley to the north of Mount Olympus, and Krassochoria - the Wine Villages to the south (north-west of the Limassol district). These districts are easy to reach from either Limassol or Nicosia.
LIMASSOL.
A celebration of beaches, fortresses and festivals. The tradition of celebration and hospitality continues in this vibrant seaside town. In February before Lent, masked revelers invade the street with music, parades, and dancing for Carnival. In September, the Wine Festival explodes in the town for a week. Every night people in restaurants, cafés, and nightclubs celebrate events momentous and trivial, from a soccer win to a sudden romance to yet another stunning sunset at day's end.
Explore Limassol Castle, which contains the Cyprus Medieval Museum, or the Folk Art Museum, which is housed in an old mansion. Walk on ten miles of beautiful beaches, deservedly known as the Cypriot Riviera. Stroll in the sea promenade or visit the lush Municipal Gardens. On the coastal road to the east, just after the luxurious hotels, you will find Amathus, one of the ancient city kingdoms of Cyprus. See the ruins and take a dip near the site of an ancient port.
At 14 km west of Limassol lies Kolossi Castle, a medieval fortress whose walls contain not only an imposing tower and surrounding living quarters but also an ancient sugar factory. Just 19 km west of town, visit the Kourion archaeological site, an ancient city-kingdom, where you can take in a play or concert at the ancient Greco-Roman Theater, overlooking the blue Mediterranean. And, a bit further on, explore a treasure trove of Greek and Roman sites, such as the Sanctuary of Apollo.
Limassol's charms are almost exclusively hedonistic and anyone looking for culture (or peace and quiet) would do well to give Limassol a wide berth. In recent years Limassol has lost the Cypriot partying crown to Ayia Napa, but the city still knows how to have a good time.
The Mayor has been working hard to clean up Limassol's image, but attempts to appeal to a more sophisticated clientele is now starting to bear fruit. Despite its rich past, Limassol has little of the classical heritage that survives in other Cypriot cities. Aside from the castle, the bazaar and a couple of museums there isn't all that much to see. However, visitors to Limassol usually have a much livelier agenda.
Limassol is well-placed to access some of the island's best beaches, although those nearest to the city aren't the most salubrious. Overlooking the city the Troodos Mountains are a haven of tranquility that provide welcome respite form the relative bustle below (as well as a number of interesting days out).
Limassol is one of the busiest ferry ports in Cyprus, with regular sailings to destinations across the Middle East. Combining its roles as the second largest city, the island's main port, the centre of the wine industry and bustling holiday resort, Limassol emerges as a spirited and cosmopolitan seaside town. Limassol is a lively town largely due to the character of Lemesolians, a fun loving lot. No wonder it holds the island's two top festivals, the pre lenten Carnival with fancy dress balls, parades and festivities and the Wine Festival in September, a wine extravaganza where wine flows freely for everyone to enjoy, courtesy of the local wineries.
NICOSIA.
As the last divided city in Europe, Nicosia enjoys a certain degree of international notoriety. Nicosia came to prominence in The Middle Ages with a succession of visits from a number of historical heavyweights. Richard the Lionheart besieged Nicosia on his way to Jerusalem and later sold the island to the Knights Templar.
The locals weren't happy and took control of the city, passing governance to Guy de Lusignan in 1192. Unfortunately their new patron turned out to be ruthless and it wasn't long before the Nicosians realised the error of their ways. The self-styled king stamped his authority on the city by fortifying it and constructing a number of impressive gothic buildings, many of which can still be seen today. You will find that Nicosia has plenty to offer, including a good crop of bars, restaurants and designer boutiques and a handful of beautiful churches and museums. The old town within the Venetian walls is a maze of cobbled alleyways with traditional handicraft shops.
Wander over to the Green line and to the View Point from where you can see over to the Northern Turkish occupied areas. In a world where Cold War partition is a distant memory the Green Line has itself become something of a tourist attraction. The experience gives visitors a tangible sense of what it is like to live in a divided land and some insight into the tensions existing between the neighbouring peoples.
LEFKARA.
Seven hundred and thirty metres above sea level and in the foothills of the Troodos Mountains, Lefkara is probably the most picturesque village in Cyprus with a population of 1,500 and many small restaurants, tavernas and cafes. It is 1-hour 20 minutes from Paphos Airport and half that time from Larnaca Airport.
The many lanes and interesting old houses attract artists, but its main fame is as the home of Cyprus lace. For centuries, as they still do, women sit in the narrow streets and courtyards making lace and beautiful linen openwork in intricate and traditional patterns. It is reputed that Leonardo da Vinci bought the cover for Milan Cathedral's altar here in 1481.
This is an excellent centre for visiting Larnaca (25 minutes by car) and Limassol (35 minutes) avoiding the crowds in these busy resorts. Lefkara also has its own museum. LARNACA. Although very much a working city; the palm-lined waterfront promenade, ancient fort and historic quarter imbue Larnaca with a distinct antique flavour.
Today the city is a relaxed place well-loved for its easy going attitude and friendly people. Dubbed Kition in classical times Larnaca first entered the history books as the birthplace of the Stoic philosopher Zeno. A few hundred years later Lazarus decided to settle here (post-resurrection) and became Larnaca's first bishop and the city's patron saint. Arab raids in the seventh century forced the citizens inland and the city into decline and it wasn't until the end of the Middle Ages that its fortunes revived. Under the Ottomans Larnaca became the island's premiere port and commercial hub, only to be eclipsed by Limassol and Famagusta in the middle of the 20th century. Modern Larnaca is a bustling town with its own international airport, yet it has somehow managed to retain a good deal of historic Levantine charm. Tourism is beginning to catch on in a big way and hotels and resort-complexes are springing up on the outskirts of the town.
The nearby beaches aren't the best that Cyprus has to offer, but they improve markedly along the coast; making Larnaca a good base for exploring the island. Larnaca's nightlife is also on the up and the town centre corrals together an enviable collection of bars, cafes and tavernas.
Larnaca has a charming laid-back attitude. The main tourist attraction is the nearby mosque of Hala Sultan Tekke, which draws pilgrims from across the Muslim world. The mosque is located next to a salt-lake southwest of the city and both can be visited in a day-trip. Heading out of town towards Limassol takes you into the verdant foothills of the Troodos Mountains, while to the west the frenetic charms of Ayia Napa await.
AYIA NAPA.
The popular holiday resorts of Agia Napa and Paralimni have been called a veritable paradise for anyone who loves the sea and water sports. The charming scenery includes the tiny fishing harbour of Agia Napa, the mediaeval monastery at the heart of the village and the windmills and small churches in the surrounding villages which spread around the areas of Paralimni and Protaras.
Ayia Napa's rise to fame has been swift and sudden. It began life as a small fishing village and consequently there is little of historic interest in the town today (except a monastery marooned in the sea of bars and nightclubs that constitutes the 'old town'). Development began in earnest in the 1980's when an enterprising local Cypriot businessman started inviting UK garage promoters over to hold club nights on the island. The rest, as they say, is history and by the time Channel 4 began filming Fantasy Island in 1999 the resort was a firm favourite of Britain's urban youth. Arriving in the mid-afternoon you'll find little evidence of Ayia Napa's nightly frenzy; the town is normally half-asleep and most of the tourists are either dozing in hotels or basking on the beach. At sunset Ayia Napa slowly begins to stir and by 11pm revellers are pouring out of the multitude of bars and heading for the clubs.
The central square at this stage is a soup of sound; where house anthems clash with garage and R&B classics. Alcohol flows, passions run high and everyone tends to get a little over-excited. Ayia Napa is still the island's premier party destination.
Those needing a break from Ayia Napa's frenetic charms will be pleased to hear that it's within easy reach of some of Cyprus ' best beaches. The Ammochostos region, with its superb beaches and multi-star hotels, draws discerning sun seekers from all over the globe. But this part of the island remains the agricultural heart of Cyprus, where traditional windmills stand with modern aqueducts to irrigate the fertile red soil. Life in this south eastern corner of Cyprus revolves around the sea, with water sports of all kinds readily available - from scuba diving to water-skiing to paragliding. Explore the rugged coast toward Cape Greko, with its string of calm sandy coves, and stay for the indescribably beautiful sunset. Or head north, toward the basket-making community of Liopetri, stopping at Sotira to take in the pretty village churches that date to the 15th and 16th centuries.
East to Protaras, more glorious beaches spread out under the sun, while just inland the white-washed town of Paralimni boasts open-air tavernas known for their succulent grilled fish. Only a few miles from the most contemporary of resort scenes, you'll feel eons away. Or head north, toward the basket-making community of Liopetri, stopping at Sotira to take in the pretty village churches that date to the 15th and 16th centuries.
Protaras is popular with Cypriots and the beaches can get busy (especially at weekends) and anyone wanting to 'get away from it all' should head south to Cape Greko. Besides 'peace and quiet' the rocky shoreline provides some great snorkelling and diving. If you want to stretch your legs there's an attractive coastal path running all the way from Protaras to Ayia Napa which takes in some impressive cliffs, sea caves and a number of Roman ruins.
The resort of Pernera lies to the north of Protaras and offers similar opportunities for sun-worshiping with a number of 'all-singing, all-dancing' resort complexes. Although Protaras is billed as a predominantly 'family-orientated' destination, it is also a place that knows how to party.
© Freelance Writer Janice Ruffle janiceruffle2005@yahoo.co.uk
